TNM Staging for oral cavity cancers is very well known and very well used. Lets look into it specifically the 8th edition with the addition of DOI which you’ll read later on. Abbreviations American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) International Union Against Cancer (UICC) History TNM Staging for oral cavity cancers: In 1944, Pierre Denoix […]
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Pederson in 1988 proposed the difficulty index which is one of the most popular difficulty index used till date. The difficulty index is based on local anatomy observation and from radiographs. Pederson Difficulty Index Pederson Difficulty Index Value Mesioangular 1 Horizontal/Transverse 2 Vertical 3 Distoangular 4 Table 1: Based on the Spatial Relationship Value Level
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In this post we will learn about Graves Disease, its signs and symptoms and its management. Grave’s disease is an autoimmune disease caused by production of autoantibodies that stimulate TSH(Thyroid Stimulating Hormone) receptor on thyroid cell membrane resulting in excessive synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormone. Proptosis as seen in Graves Disease. Image Courtesy: Jonathan
In this post we shall discuss about Fordyce’s Granules. Developmental anomaly characterized by heterotrophic collection of sebaceous glands at various sites in oral cavity. Pathogenesis Of Fordyce’s Granules The occurrence of sebaceous gland in the mouth may result from inclusion in the oral cavity of ectoderm having some of the potentialities of skin in the
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In this post we shall learn about the most commonly used tooth fracture classification i.e. Ellis and Davey Classification. Tooth fractures can occur due to various reasons like trauma, decay, or weak tooth structure. Ellis and Davey in 1970 proposed a classification system for tooth fractures based on the extent of damage to the tooth
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In this post we shall discuss some of the common infections caused by Staphylococcus Aureus. Toxic shock syndrome Toxic shock syndrome is a fatal multi system disease caused by S. Aureus strains. It usually presents as fever, myalgia, diarrhea, rash, hypotension. It is associated with infections of sequestrated or mucosal sites by Toxic Shock Syndrome
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In this post we shall discuss about Keloid formation and treatment Keloid is a defect in maturation and stabilization of collagen fibrils as normal collagen bundles are absent It is common in females Mostly seen in black people Genetically predisposed and very rare in Caucasians Keloid grows even after 6 months. It extends into adjacent
In this post we shall discuss about Submentovertex – Extraoral View Radiograph of the base of the skull is taken by Submentovertex – Extraoral View (SMV). Indications Lesions affecting palate or pterygoid region or base of skull or sphenoidal sinus. Exposure 0.4 Seconds 50 kVp 20-30 mA Structures Visible in this view Carotid canals Nasal
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In this post we shall discuss about the signs, symptoms and clinical features of acute and chronic Empyema. Empyema is the presence of pus in the pleural cavity. Clinical Features of Acute Empyema Symptoms Due to Toxemia: Anorexia, sweats, malaise and loss of weight. Due to Primary Disease: Sudden rise in temperature along with fever
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In this post we shall discuss about Thyroid Function Tests. A routine laboratory thyroid profile includes: Thyroid profile/Thyroid Function Tests includes 1. Thyroid stimulating hormone 2. T4 binding ratio 3. Free T4 index 4. Serum T4 5. Resin T3 uptake Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) It is secreted from anterior pituitary and has negative feedback with
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